Assessment of soil factors controlling ephemeral gully erosion on agricultural fields   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Paul Ollobarren Del Barrio  Miguel A. Campo‐Bescós  Rafael Giménez  Javier Casalí 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(9):1993-2008

The soil factor is crucial in controlling and properly modeling the initiation and development of ephemeral gullies (EGs). Usually, EG initiation has been related to various soil properties (i.e. sealing, critical shear stress, moisture, texture, etc.); meanwhile, the total growth of each EG (erosion rate) has been linked with proper soil erodibility. But, despite the studies to determine the influence of soil erodibility on (ephemeral) gully erosion, a universal approach is still lacking. This is due to the complex relationship and interactions between soil properties and the erosive process. A feasible soil characterization of EG erosion prediction on a large scale should be based on simple, quick and inexpensive tests to perform. The objective of this study was to identify and assess the soil properties – easily and quickly to determine – which best reflect soil erodibility on EG erosion. Forty‐nine different physical–chemical soil properties that may participate in establishing soil erodibility were determined on agricultural soils affected by the formation of EGs in Spain and Italy. Experiments were conducted in the laboratory and in the field (in the vicinity of the erosion paths). Because of its importance in controlling EG erosion, five variables related to antecedent moisture prior to the event that generated the gullies and two properties related to landscape topography were obtained for each situation. The most relevant variables were detected using multivariate analysis. The results defined 13 key variables: water content before the initiation of EGs, organic matter content, cation exchange capacity, relative sealing index, two granulometric and organic matter indices, seal permeability, aggregates stability (three index), crust penetration resistance, shear strength and an erodibility index obtained from the Jet Test erosion apparatus. The latter is proposed as a useful technique to evaluate and predict soil loss caused by EG erosion. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Analysis of the Characteristics of the D.P.R. Korean Seismic Event on September 23, 2017     

Du Guangbao  Zhao Yong  Sun Li  He Shaolin  Liu Jie 《中国地震研究》2018,32(2):280-287

A M3. 4 seismic event occurred in the Punggye-ri nuclear test site,D. P. R Korea at 16∶29 p.m. on September 23,2017. We analyzed the waveforms of this event recorded by the China Earthquake Networks Center. In conclusion,this event is complex,including an explosion with a successive earthquake. Although the beginning of the event is an explosion,fault dislocation plays the main role in the event.  相似文献   

青藏铁路沿线不同类型挡沙墙阻沙率     

杨印海  薛春晓  石龙  李凯崇  孔令伟  张芳 《中国沙漠》2020,40(1):173-178

基于风洞试验对青藏铁路沿线不同类型防沙措施防沙效果进行模拟研究，探讨了不同类型挡沙墙的防沙效果。结果表明：挂板式、轨枕式和箱式挡沙墙输沙率随高度基本呈递增缓变型趋势，最大输沙率低于20%；铃铛式和高立式聚乙烯（PE）网挡沙墙随高度呈递减陡降型趋势，距地表6~8 cm处为转折点，转折点以上输沙率随高度增大急剧减小，转折点以下输沙率随高度变化较为平缓，最大输沙率低于50%。随着风速的增大，各挡沙墙的阻沙率呈递减趋势：挂板式和轨枕式挡沙墙对风速的敏感性最弱，整体阻沙效果较优，可大范围推广；箱式挡沙墙对风速的敏感性较弱，建议在风速18 m·s^-1以下的地区使用；PE网挡沙墙防沙效果对风速的敏感性最强，建议在风速10 m·s^-1以下的地区使用。  相似文献   

面向ResearchGate的古气候文献数据采集系统的研制与应用测评     

张学珍  尹君  白孟鑫  李艳波  郑景云 《地理科学进展》2020,39(7):1140-1148

论文基于Linux平台,利用Python(V3.6)和MySQL(V5.7),开发了一套“面向ResearchGate的古气候文献数据采集系统”;并且通过人工判读从全球古气候资料共享网(https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov)数据库中遴选出1450篇古气候重建论文,对关键词进行了分类汇总,初步构建了用于古气候文献检索的关键词表。依据这一关键词表,利用古气候文献数据采集系统,从ResearchGate数据库中进行了文献检索。针对来自ResearchGate的32493篇文献和来自NCDC的1450篇文献,通过时间尺度、代用资料类型、气象要素、研究地区(国家)4个维度关键词词频的对比分析,发现2套文献数据关键词词频的相对差异基本一致。这表明依据初步构建的关键词表,自ResearchGate检索获取的古气候重建文献是有效的,能反映古气候重建研究现状。如此庞大数量的研究论文为下一步收集未被NCDC收录的古气候重建结果提供了丰富的数据源。“面向ResearchGate的古气候文献数据采集系统”达到了预期设计目标。  相似文献   

水文情势、土壤和水电开发对河流湿地中植物的影响研究进展     

杨娇  厉恩华  夏盈  张莹莹  王学雷 《湿地科学》2020,18(1):115-121

开展环境对河流湿地中植物的影响研究,不仅有助于了解河流湿地中植物与生态环境之间的关系,而且对河流湿地中植物的保护和恢复工作具有重要意义。根据近年来发表的环境对河流湿地中植物的影响研究成果,对河流湿地中植物的范围进行了界定,综述了与河流湿地中植物关系密切的水文情势、土壤和水电开发对其的影响,指出未来对河流湿地中植物的影响研究的方向。  相似文献   

Geostatistical features of streambed vertical hydraulic conductivities in Frenchman Creek Watershed in Western Nebraska     

Olufemi P. Abimbola  Aaron R. Mittelstet  Troy E. Gilmore 《水文研究》2020,34(16):3481-3491

This study evaluated the spatial variability of streambed vertical hydraulic conductivity (K_v) in different stream morphologies in the Frenchman Creek Watershed, Western Nebraska, using different variogram models. Streambed K_v values were determined in situ using permeameter tests at 10 sites in Frenchman, Stinking Water and Spring Creeks during the dry season at baseflow conditions. Measurements were taken both in straight and meandering stream channels during a 5 day period at similar flow conditions. Each test site comprised of at least three transects and each transect comprised of at least three K_v measurements. Linear, Gaussian, exponential and spherical variogram models were used with Kriging gridding method for the 10 sites. As a goodness-of-fit statistic for the variogram models, cross-validation results showed differences in the median absolute deviation and the standard deviation of the cross-validation residuals. Results show that using the geometric means of the 10 sites for gridding performs better than using either all the K_v values from the 93 permeameter tests or 10 K_v values from the middle transects and centre permeameters. Incorporating both the spatial variability and the uncertainty involved in the measurement at a reach segment can yield more accurate grid results that can be useful in calibrating K_v at watershed or sub-watershed scales in distributed hydrological models.  相似文献   

高地应力V级围岩相似材料研制及岩体开挖卸载模型试验分析          下载免费PDF全文

方智淳  朱正国  王仁远  刘柳 《地震工程学报》2020,42(2):505-511

以黄土、砂为骨料,石膏、水泥为胶结材料,水为调节剂,以正交试验方法配制出V级围岩相似材料,该材料能够很好的模拟隧道Ⅴ级软弱围岩。在此基础上,以钢筒模型试验为媒介,通过千斤顶配合反力架加载,观察不同材料配比下的试验组应力变化斜率、自稳时间、应变大小等方面的差异,结合加载完成后模型开口处岩体变化情况,探索高地应力下Ⅴ级围岩开挖卸载效应。试验结果表明:虽然相似材料会因配比不同改变物理力学性质,但主要是对弹性模量的影响较大;在增大垂直压力作用下,试验中材料自稳时间变长,应力释放也较为彻底,但整体趋势放缓。  相似文献   

姿态修正技术在黄河河口测验中的应用     

宋中华  田慧  王静 《测绘通报》2020,(11):120-123

为了解决黄河三角洲附近海区测验中测船姿态对单波束数字测深数据的影响，本文利用姿态传感器对测船的姿态进行了有效改正。试验结果表明，姿态修正技术对数字测深仪瞬时水深进行改正后，其测深结果与传统的人工水深曲线改正后成果比较，中误差为0.089 m，试验段面0 m线以下面积相差不超过0.22%，符合国家规范要求，提高了海区测验中测深成果的精度，为数字技术在海区测量的应用提供了技术保证。  相似文献   

水动力条件对沉积物-水界面氧通量的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郑阳华  邹浩东  何强  李宏  张青  陈德敏  艾海男 《湖泊科学》2018,30(6):1552-1559

氧环境决定了水体沉积物中各种生命所需元素的最终归趋，沉积物-水界面是水相与沉积物相氧传递的重要场所，而水动力条件是影响沉积物-水界面氧传递的重要因素.选择三峡库区一级支流御临河为研究对象，根据长年监测数据建立实验室模型，采用声学多普勒流速测试仪及微电极测试系统构建了非侵入式涡度相关测试系统，探究了不同水动力条件对沉积物-水界面氧通量的影响.结果表明：水体静止状态下沉积物-水界面溶解氧浓度随时间的增加而减少，非静止状态下随时间的增加而增加；沉积物-水界面氧通量随水体流速的增加而增加.根据氧通量求解对应流速下垂直涡动扩散系数并进行线性拟合，当水体流速为0.01~0.14 m/s时，垂直涡动扩散系数与水体流速的相关性最好，此时沉积物-水界面氧通量的传递以涡动扩散为主导.  相似文献   

西藏典型单层混凝土砌块房屋打包带加固抗震试验研究          下载免费PDF全文

孙柏涛  黄佩蒂  姚新强  周强 《世界地震工程》2018,34(1):040-50

本文以振动台试验方式研究了打包带加固对西藏典型单层混凝土砌块房屋抗震性能的影响，同时考虑了结构平面布置、抗震设防及砌筑质量三个因素。选取3种西藏地区民居的经典户型制作了7个1∶3缩尺模型进行振动台试验，模型分别为3个无打包带加固模型、3个有打包带加固模型以及1个加固一半的模型。试验结果表明打包带加固墙体能明显提高墙体的整体性，减轻墙体震损；无打包带加固但砌筑质量好的单层民居抗震能力较好，基本满足当地9度设防的要求；高烈度下平面布置不规则的结构容易因扭转作用而发生破坏，圈梁、构造柱也在高烈度下发挥较大作用。打包带加固技术作为一种经济实用的加固技术可在西藏地区进行推广。  相似文献